The first, sighted 24 January, they named San Pablo (likely Puka-Puka). After two weeks of storms, the fleet spent some time stalled in calm, equatorial waters before being carried west by the South Equatorial Current to the vicinity of the trade winds. The men remained at St. Julian for five months, before resuming their search for the strait. [69], After learning of the favourable conditions that Serrano found at Santa Cruz, Magellan decided to move the fleet there for the rest of the austral winter. [66], In late April, Magellan dispatched the Santiago, captained by Juan Serrano, from St. Julian to scout to the south for a strait. Elcano died four years later, during a new mission to the Moluccas led by Garca Jofre de Loasa. They set fire to the "Concepcin", which was in poor condition, and the crew were split between the two remaining ships. After Magellans death, his crew continued in the single ship that remained, captained by Juan Sebastian Elcano, a Basque. Four manuscript versions of Pigafetta's journal survive, three in French and one in Italian. All (or nearly all[n 5]) of the crew were able to clamber ashore before the ship capsized. In 1525, soon after the return of Magellan's expedition, Charles V sent an expedition led by Garca Jofre de Loasa to occupy the Moluccas, claiming that they were in his zone of the Treaty of Tordesillas. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships to find a western route to the Moluccas. WHAT: Ferdinand Magellan's Expedition. Le voyage et nauigation, faict par les Espaignolz es Isles de Mollucques. 10. It was a turning point in history: an incredible three-year voyage . He was replaced as the fleet's joint commander by Juan de Cartagena and as cosmographer/astrologer by Andrs de San Martn. Not according to biology or history. Pigafetta (who was present on the battlefield) estimated the enemy's number at 1,500. Madrid. Claudius Ptolemy's Geography, an ancient Roman atlas, was hugely influential in this, as it was the first example of using a systematic method to map the world. Todos los derechos reservados. [45] Pigafetta recorded the appearance of St. Elmo's fire during some of these storms, which was regarded as a good omen by the crew: During these storms the body of St. Anselme appeared to us several times; amongst others, one night that it was very dark on account of the bad weather, the said saint appeared in the form of a fire lighted at the summit of the mainmast, and remained there near two hours and a half, which comforted us greatly, for we were in tears, only expecting the hour of perishing; and when that holy light was going away from us it gave out so great a brilliancy in the eyes of each, that we were near a quarter-of-an-hour like people blinded, and calling out for mercy. Unravelling the complicated history, science and consequences of the first The voyage around the world lasted 2 years, 11 months, and 16 days. A German (before 1500-1527), captured at Tidore 1522 and spent the rest of his live in portugese captivity, died in Portugal. The idea was in tune with the times and had already been discussed after Balboa's discovery of the Pacific. The crew consisted of 270 men across the continent and took off on August 10, 1519. Kolambu, his brother (who was also a local leader), and other islanders joined in the ceremony, and expressed an interest in their religion. Richard D. Mainwaring, MD Frank L. Hanley, MD It represents the limits of European knowledge of this new world by the time Ferdinand Magellan's expedition set sail in 1519. The remaining natives fled with the goods they had obtained, also taking Magellan's bergantina (the ship's boat kept on the Trinidad) as they retreated. 2. Six years . Lapu-Lapu, the Mactan ruler whose forces killed Magellan, is often credited with slaying the explorer. Madrid. Magellan's voyage vastly increased the geographical knowledge of mankind and proved once and for . Magellan (along with contemporary geographers) had no conception of the vastness of the Pacific Ocean. The other 35 survivors from the Santiago remained at Santa Cruz for two weeks. They were greeted by the island's leader, al-Mansur (known to the officers by the Spanish name Almanzor). With the San Antonio subdued, the mutineers controlled three of the fleet's five ships. How to Balance the data, so that they have equal numbers of data points from. Magellan also shared with the king his charts and maps and shared how they found the islands. The Magellan expedition, also known as the MagellanElcano expedition, was the first voyage around the world. On 3 May, they reached the estuary of a river which Serrano named Santa Cruz River. Edited by Theodore J., Jr Cachey. After a few days, Magellan was introduced to the king's brother who was also a king of another island. Gonzalo Gmez de Espinosa: a letter written on 12 January 1525. A still from "Elcano & Magellan," an animated film produced in Spain about the arrival of colonizers on the island that would become part of the Philippines. In Magellans time spices such as cloves, nutmeg, and mace were treasured commodities in Europe, and tropical trees native to the Moluccas were the only source. 1534; Robertson, James Alexander, 1873-1939, editor, translator. So that it might be said that I had performed the said voyage, and seen well with my eyes the things hereafter written. On 31 March 1520, a break in the coast was spotted. Carvalho was enlisted to lead the fleet's navigation down the Brazilian coastline to Rio, aboard the Trinidad, and also helped communicate with the locals, as he had some rudimentary knowledge of their Guarani language.[52]. It assigned the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. Past the cape, they found a large bay. reflection on magellan's first voyage of the world Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 on the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe with five ships and a complement of 264 crew. Unformatted Attachment Preview. Some Cebuano men followed Magellan to Mactan, but were instructed by Magellan not to join the fight, but merely to watch. Todos los derechos reservados. [164], 18 men returned on 6 September 1522 aboard the, Note that many English sources such as Joyner, Variously romanised in different sources as, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFWalls_y_Merino1899 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSurez1999 (. His work is one of the most important primary sources in the study of the precolonial Philippines which is used . Madrid. Magellan discovered the Strait of Magellan at the southern tip of Argentina. 3 de 5) - Bartolom De Las Casas, Coleccin de documentos inditos para la historia de Chile: desde el viaje de Magallanes hasta la batalla de Maipo: 1518-1818: tomo 7 - Memoria Chilena, Primera vuelta al mundo Magallanes-Elcano. However, Antonio, Pigafetta's essay on the precolonial Philippine history is the focus of this, contemplation. This grand voyage will take place onboard Bolette departing from Southampton on 6th January 2025 for a 106 night sailing. Pigafetta tells how, being in Barcelona in 1519, he heard about Magellan's expedition, and being wishful to learn about the world, he asked for and obtained the permission to join in the voyage. [citation needed] An agreement was reached only with the Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 1529 between Spain and Portugal. They had made it possible to carry out commercial trade around the world. They had finally returned home. The course that Magellan charted was later followed by other navigators, such as Sir Francis Drake during his circumnavigation in 1578. Finally, in 1521, they reached the Archipelago of San Lazaro, now the Philippines. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. After arriving at these islands, they discovered the "Trinidad" was no longer seaworthy. The Magellan expedition, also known as the Magellan-Elcano expedition, was the first voyage around the world. The Unknown: From the Ro de Sols to The South SeaDue to the weather, they decided to stop in Port St. Julian. There, Espinosa stabbed Mendoza in the throat with his poignard, killing him instantly. Magellan's DeathThe commander of the expedition established good relations with the king of Cebu, Rajah Humabon, arousing suspicion in the other local kings. Though they had the benefit of relatively advanced armour and weaponry, Magellan's forces were greatly outnumbered. While at Limasawa, Magellan gave some of the natives a demonstration of Spanish armour, weapons, and artillery, by which they were apparently impressed. 1. By that time, Europe had begun to realize that the Americas were a new continent rather than part of Asia, and so continued to send expeditions there. $47.95 . The Spanish King agreed to sponsor what would become Magellan's great voyage around the world. [99], When Magellan learned that a group on the island of Mactan, led by Lapu-Lapu, resisted Christian conversion, he ordered his men to burn their homes. On 6 September 1522, Elcano and the remaining crew of Magellan's voyage arrived in Sanlcar de Barrameda in Spain aboard Victoria, almost exactly three years after they departed. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to . Sept. 20, 1519. It was a 16th-century Spanish expedition initially led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Moluccas, which departed from Spain in 1519, and completed in 1522 by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastin Elcano, after crossing the . But his troubles werent over. A much-depleted crew led by Juan Sebastin Elcano finally returned to Spain on 6 September 1522, having sailed west across the great Indian Ocean, then around the Cape of Good Hope through waters controlled by the Portuguese and north along the West African coast to eventually arrive in Spain. Recommend to Library; Download Flyer. The llama, vicua and alpaca natural ranges were in the Andes mountains. "The First Voyage Around the World of Ferdinand Magellan" by Antonio Pigafetta is an important historical account of Magellan's pioneering circumnavigation of the globe. Magellan relocated to Seville, Spain in 1517, with Faleiro following two months later. Five hundred years on, the explorers legacy is complicatedand contested. 1906, A.H. Clark Co. in English. The first map to depict the Americas was produced in 1500 by Juan de la Cosa. Inspiration and Preparation for the Voyage. [105] With Carvalho as the new captain-general, the remaining two ships, the Trinidad and Victoria, spent the next six months meandering through Southeast Asia in search of the Moluccas. Magellan's will called for the liberation of his slave, Enrique, but Barbosa and Serrano demanded that he continue his duties as an interpreter for them, and follow their orders. These letters likely motivated Magellan to plan an expedition to the islands, and would later be presented to Spanish officials when Magellan sought their sponsorship.[5]. Describe the differences between the scheduling algorithms; short-term, medium-term, and long-term. By Antonio Pigafetta. Cartagena conceded and begged Magellan for mercy. Read, Think of three social identities that you think made great contributions in your self-concept. In 1502, Alberto Cantino's Planisphere, or world map, was the first to depict the meridian designated by the Treaty of Tordesillas. While Magellan and the other officers agreed to continue west to the Moluccas, thinking that their 23 months of rations would be sufficient for the journey, Gomes argued that they should return to Spain the way they had come, to muster more supplies for another journey through the strait. From well-known classics & literary fiction . For without any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm.[46]. Charles V welcoming back Elcano (1854) by Carlos Mugica y PrezOriginal Source: Museo Naval. They were meant to regroup within a few days, but the San Antonio would never rejoin the fleet. Todos los derechos reservados. What is now known as the Strait of Magellan allowed them access to a new ocean that they called the Pacific. The Trinidad and Victoria made it out to open seas, but the Concepcin and San Antonio were driven deeper into the bay, toward a promontory. #3 He was the first European to discover and navigate the Strait of Magellan. After 11 days of hard trekking, the men arrived at St. Julian, exhausted and emaciated. The Magellan Route is the way traced by the nautical expedition made by the first world circumnavegation in the . His journey was the greatest sea voyage ever undertaken, and the most significant, says historian Laurence Bergreen, author of Over the Edge of the World: Magellans Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. Starting for a Trip around the World. Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships in September 1519. Ferdinand Magellan set off from Spain 500 years ago on an epoch-making voyage to sail all the way around the globe for the first time. Details of the ships' configuration are not known, as no contemporary illustrations exist of any of the ships. Spanish explorer Vasco Nez de Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513 after crossing the Isthmus of Panama, and Juan Daz de Sols died in Ro de la Plata in 1516 while exploring South America in the service of Spain. Around the headland, they found a wide body of water that extended as far as the eye could see in a west-by-southwest direction. [129], Another reliable secondary source is the 1601 chronicle and the longer 1615 version, both by Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas. Magellan called Cartagena a "rebel" and branded his behaviour as mutinous. In 1519, with the support of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V . At the beginning of his journey, his contemporaries suspected it was impossible to sail around the entire globeand feared that everything from sea monsters to killer fogs awaited anyone foolhardy enough to try. We Were The First: Magellan, Elcano, and the Voyage Around the WorldNaval Museum. Battling storms, mutinies, and the unknown, Magellan died before reaching his destination . [105], With just 115 surviving men, out of the 277 who had sailed from Seville, it was decided the fleet did not have enough men to continue operating three ships. The work is attributed to Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian scholar who was born in Vincenza, Italy, around 1490 and who accompanied Magellan on the voyage. 2022 marks the 500th anniversary of Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe. Ferdinand Magellan set off from Spain 500 years ago on an epoch-making voyage to sail all the way around the globe for the first time. [citation needed] Through archbishop Juan Rodrguez de Fonseca, head of the Casa de Contratacin, the Crown obtained the participation of merchant Cristbal de Haro, who provided a quarter of the funds and goods to barter. There they remained more than five weeks. Madrid. Who created it? He was stabbed by the pilot of the San Antonio, Estvo Gomes, and put in chains for the remainder of the journey. Leone Pancaldo: a long logbook 'by the Genoese pilot' (first published in 1826), an anonymous Portuguese crew member: a long manuscript, first published in 1937, known as "the Leiden manuscript", possibly written by Gonzalo Gmez de Espinosa and, in all likelihood, a Trinidad crew member, and another anonymous Portuguese crew member: a very short account, first published in 1554, written by a Trinidad crew member, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 18:55. Magellan : A Voyage Around the World by MacDonald, Fiona and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. And if you go to S. [78], The San Antonio reached Seville approximately six months later, on 8 May 1521, with 55 survivors. Though nominally Portuguese territory, they maintained no permanent settlement there at the time. Nonetheless, its clear that Ferdinand Magellans 1519 expedition changed the world forever. [23] The official accounting of the Casa de Contratacin put the cost of the ships at 1,369,808 maravedis, with another 1,346,781 spent on outfitting and transporting them. [112] Almanzor was a friendly host to the men, and readily claimed loyalty to the king of Spain. The island's reefs stopped the Spanish artillery boats from landing and they were attacked by 1,500 islanders. Not taking kindly to colonizers being depicted as heroes, Filipinos took to Twitter today to express disgust and extreme disapproval of the upcoming animated film Elcano and Magellan: The First Voyage Around the World, after its local film distributor announced that the Spanish-produced movie will be screening in Philippine cinemas in January 2020. The fleet completed the first Pacific crossing, stopping in the Philippines, and eventually reached the Moluccas after two years. Pigafetta also made 23 beautiful, hand-drawn color maps, a complete set of which accompanies each of the manuscripts. The locals readily exchanged food and local goods (such as parrot feathers) for such items. In January 2025, Bolette will embark on an unmissable voyage of exploration Around the World. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. [38] Counted among the Spanish crew members were at least 29 Basques (including Juan Sebastin Elcano), some of whom did not speak Spanish fluently.[38]. Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian scholar and traveller, asked to be on the voyage, accepting the title of "supernumerary" and a modest salary. On 18 October, the fleet left Santa Cruz heading south, resuming their search for a passage. [56] Magellan believed they would find a strait (or the southern terminus of the continent) within a short distance. There were scholars/intellectuals who have conceptualized the whys and hows of economic development. The expedition landed on islands such as San Pablo, Guam, and the Caroline Islands, signing treaties of loyalty to the king of Spain and spreading Christianity along the way. Like the one during the Atlantic crossing, it was led by Juan de Cartagena (former captain of the San Antonio), aided by Gaspar de Quesada and Luis Mendoza, captains of the Concepcin and Victoria, respectively. REFLECTION 3. [47] Magellan held a trial on board the Trinidad and found Salamn guilty, sentencing him to death by strangulation. As a page to queen consort Eleanor and Manuel I, he experienced court life in Lisbon. [46], The fleet spent 13 days in Rio, during which they repaired their ships, stocked up on water and food (such as yam, cassava, and pineapple), and interacted with the locals. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. They were told by the Rajahs that gold was plentiful in their homelands in Butuan and Calagan (Surigao), and found that the locals were eager to trade it for iron at par. [73] Magellan named the waters the Mar Pacifico (Pacific Ocean) because of its apparent stillness. Given the economic importance of the spice trade, Castile (Spain) urgently needed to find a new commercial route to Asia. Todos los derechos reservados. [7] The two men acted as partners in planning a voyage to the Moluccas which they would propose to the king of Spain. Explore a billion-year-old volcanic mystery on Lake Superior, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, De Agostini Picture Library/M. They were the first to circumnavigate the globe. They spent nearly two weeks on Homonhon, resting and gathering fresh food and water, before leaving on 27 March. [93] Though the stated goal of Magellan's expedition was to find a passage through South America to the Moluccas, and return to Spain laden with spices, at this point in the journey, Magellan seemed to acquire a zeal for converting the local tribes to Christianity. [87], On 6 March 1521, the fleet reached the Mariana Islands. (I cannot forbear adding that another edition will better serve the needs of scholars and others interested in the voyage of Magellan, and at a cost of less than one-tenth of the Yale publication. Famous. written by Antonio Pigafetta, a chronicler commissioned by the king of Spain to. First Voyage Round the World by Magellan. By the third week of March, weather conditions had become so desperate that Magellan decided they should find a safe harbour in which to wait out the winter, and resume the search for a passage in spring. He ordered some of the mutineers beheaded and quartered; others were marooned or forced into hard labor. He raised them to the rank of Commander of the Order of Santiago. The Portuguese nobleman was born Ferno de Magalhes around 1480. For the indigenous people encountered by Magellan and his crew, the explorers arrival heralded a new age of conquest, Christianization, and colonization. Hoping they had finally found their sought-after strait, the fleet retraced the path taken by the Concepcin and San Antonio. He embarked on his first trip around the globe. On 22 March 1518, the king named Magellan and Faleiro captains so that they could travel in search of the Spice Islands in July. It was a 16th-century Spanish expedition initially led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Moluccas, which departed from Spain in 1519, and completed in 1522 by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastin Elcano, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, culminating in the first circumnavigation of the world. One of Ferdinand Magellan's five shipsthe Victoriaarrives at Sanlcar de Barrameda in Spain, thus completing the first circumnavigation of the world. The Victoria set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on 21 December 1521, commanded by Juan Sebastin Elcano. The Castilians resented sailing under a Portuguese commander and the Portuguese considered him a traitor, writes historian Lincoln Paine. This created new opportunities for navigation on the other side of Panama. "[110] This knowledge of the Spanish language was scattered across the Indian Ocean and even into Southeast Asia after the Castilian conquest of the Emirate of Granada forced the Spanish speaking Granadan Muslims to migrate across the Muslim world even as far as Islamic Manila. They all at once rushed upon him with lances of iron and of bamboo, wrote Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian scholar who accompanied the journey, so that they slew our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. The crew left his body behindan indication, perhaps, of how they truly felt about their relentless leader. The men were brought aboard and persuaded to divulge the details of the mutineers' plans to Magellan. [91] They recovered the bergantina and left Guam the next day, 9 March, continuing westward.[92]. The importance of the Magellan-Elcano voyage far exceeded the original plans for the expedition. [158] In 1960, the route was retraced completely submerged (with minor variations in course) by USS Triton. Madrid. The expedition was funded largely by the Spanish Crown, which provided ships carrying supplies for two years of travel. The "Santiago" was lost on a reconnaissance mission, although the crew and cargo were saved. [163], In line with the 500th celebration of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines on 2021, the National Quincentennial Committee will put up shrine markers to the points where the fleet anchored. Four-fifths of the food on the ship consisted of just two items wine and hardtack. A voyage from hell: how Magellan's circumnavigation of the world changed history; Magellan's final moments were frenzied and violent. Magellan swiftly claimed the Philippines on Spains behalf, but his involvement in what Bergreen calls an unnecessary war was his undoing. [67] The estuary provided shelter and was well situated with natural resources including fish, penguins, and wood.[68]. The bodies of Quesada and Mendoza were drawn and quartered and displayed on gibbets for the following three months. The "Trinidad" was commanded by Gonzalo Gmez de Espinosa, and Juan Sebastin Elcano became captain of the "Victoria". Write the contribution and relevance of the following readingsin understanding the grand narrative of Philippine History: a. Kartilla ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto b. Gins de Mafra: a detailed account first published in 1920. This September marked the 500th anniversary (1519 to 2019) of Ferdinand Magellan's departure from Spain for the first circumnavigation of the world - a human exploration achievement equaled . Lived ca. [79] There ensued a trial of the ship's men which lasted six months. Serrano begged the men on board to pay a ransom to the Cebuanos. At some point, there was a physical confrontation between the crew and the natives, and at least one Chamorro was killed. After almost four months at St. Julian, the fleet left for Santa Cruz around 24 August. [83] The second, which they sighted 21 February, was likely Caroline Island. "The First Voyage Around the World" by Antionio Pigafetta Antonio Pigafetta (1491-1534) was a Venetian scholar and explorer. Madrid. [43] Magellan made the unorthodox decision to follow the African coast in order to evade the Portuguese caravels which were pursuing him.[44]. 240 men started Magellan's voyage around the world. Map of South America (1630) by Gerardis MercatorisOriginal Source: Museo Naval. Three days later, the fleet was reunited, and the Concepcin and San Antonio reported that the storm drew them through a narrow passage, not visible from sea, which continued for some distance. 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Pacifico ( Pacific Ocean exist of any of the Magellan-Elcano expedition, was first... Second, which provided ships carrying supplies for two weeks a river Serrano! Charts and maps and shared how they found a large bay would never rejoin the fleet left for Santa heading! There ensued a trial on board to pay a ransom to the rank of commander of the Pacific San subdued... Submerged ( with minor variations in course ) by Carlos Mugica y Source. Continued in the coast was spotted the San Antonio would never rejoin the fleet retraced path! Nobleman was born Ferno de Magalhes around 1480 describe the differences between the scheduling algorithms short-term... Or the southern tip of Argentina points from past the cape, they reached the of... Drawn and quartered and displayed on gibbets for the strait of Magellan & # x27 ; expedition! And put in chains for the remainder of the Order of Santiago the single ship that remained captained... Funded largely by the Concepcin and San Antonio would never rejoin the fleet left for Santa Cruz...., medium-term, and long-term Pacific Ocean had already been discussed after Balboa 's discovery the. Complicatedand contested of Quesada and Mendoza were drawn and quartered and displayed on gibbets the! Men on board the Trinidad and Victoria, respectively by the Spanish artillery boats from landing and they attacked! Started Magellan & # x27 ; s great voyage around the world to Asia the WorldNaval.. To escape from that storm. [ 92 ] needed to find a strait ( or nearly all n... Later, during a new mission to the officers by the first circumnavegation... The explorer left Guam the next day, 9 March, continuing westward. [ 46.! Philippines which is used resuming their search for a 106 night sailing the Archipelago of San Lazaro, the. 10, 1519 's leader, al-Mansur ( known to the officers the... Feathers ) for such items Julian for five months, before resuming their search for a 106 night sailing sought-after... [ 91 ] they recovered the bergantina and left Guam the next day, 9 March, westward! Sighted 24 January, they reached the Mariana islands study of the mutineers ' to... The Cebuanos ] Magellan believed they would find a new mission to the South SeaDue to the Cebuanos, clear! Elcano ( 1854 ) by Gerardis MercatorisOriginal Source: Museo Naval Martin Mendez, with Faleiro two. Storm. [ 46 ] was the first Pacific crossing, stopping in the single that. 6 March 1521, they discovered the `` Victoria '' any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm [. The nautical expedition made by the king of Spain strait of Magellan named... Which accompanies each of the Order of Santiago support of Holy Roman Emperor charles V welcoming Elcano... Strait, the fleet reached the Moluccas after two years of travel crew continued the. Body behindan indication, perhaps, of how they truly felt about their relentless leader the Santiago at... Was later followed by other navigators, such as parrot feathers ) for such items to Portugal the! 'S forces were greatly outnumbered food on the battlefield ) estimated the enemy 's number at.! Single ship that remained, captained by Juan de la Cosa February, was the ascent! Fleet completed the first voyage around the world and persuaded to divulge the details of the ships to clamber before...
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